Burn rate

Author:

Lucy Hoyle

Read time:

5 minutes

Published date:

July 11, 2025

Burn rate measures your company’s cash runway, based on cash flow and revenue. Learn how to manage and calculate cash burn rate for startups.

Contents: Balancing your burn rate

• Burn rate
• What is burn rate?
• How to calculate burn rate
• Burn rate formula
• What is a good burn rate?
• Understanding your burn rate
• Fixed vs. variable expenses
• Balancing your burn rate

What is burn rate?

Burn rate is the rate at which a company spends its available cash reserves before reaching positive cash flow or profitability. Startups and early-stage companies use burn rate to measure financial sustainability and determine how long they can operate before needing additional funding. Burn rate accounts for both expenses and revenue, providing insight into the company’s cash flow and financial runway.

Burn rate is typically measured on a monthly basis and can be calculated in two different ways:

• Gross burn rate is the company’s total monthly cash outflow, including all operating costs like office space rent, salaries, marketing, and other monthly operating expenses. It does not factor in revenue.
• Net burn rate is the actual cash loss per month, calculated as total expenses minus revenue.

Example: If a company spends $100,000 per month and earns $30,000 in revenue, its net burn rate is $70,000. If there is $700,000 in its bank account, its cash runway is 10 months.

Your burn rate effectively tells you:

• How much it costs to finance company operations
• How long you can maintain your current spending before you need more funding
• How much time (and cash) you have to continue experimenting with your product
• How your spending translates to output
• How much revenue you need to bring in to start generating a profit in the near future

Burn rate is especially significant for startups that rely on angel investors and venture capital funding, as investors will reference it when determining a company’s valuation and financial health. A higher burn rate may reflect aggressive investments in product development and market expansion, but at the risk of running out of cash, while a lower burn rate may show a more sustainable approach, perhaps at the risk of falling behind the competition.

While burn rate is an important metric, it isn’t a perfect measure of your company’s financial health and sustainability—a lot of factors go into that, including the market, your business strategy, your customer base, and your product-market fit. But knowing your monthly burn rate is a helpful way to make informed decisions about how fast you’re spending money and when to plan for your next round of funding.

How to calculate burn rate

There are two ways to calculate your burn rate, depending on your company’s current growth stage. If you’re not generating revenue yet, you just need to calculate your gross cash burn rate. If you’re generating revenue, you’ll want to look at your net cash burn rate as well.

Burn rate formula

Gross burn is your company’s total monthly expenses. Calculate gross burn by determining your average monthly spend over a time period that reflects how long you want your company to keep operating. For example, if your company spent $750,000 over the last 12 months and you want to continue business for another 12 months, your gross burn would be $62,500.

Net burn, on the other hand, is your gross burn minus revenue. Calculate net burn using the following formula:

Net burn rate = (gross burn rate) - (monthly revenue)

Using the example above, if your gross burn is $62,500 and you’re bringing in $20,000 in revenue each month, your net burn would be $42,500.

What is a good burn rate?

There’s no such thing as a single standard or acceptable burn rate. Your company’s burn rate depends on several different factors that work together, including:

• Your industry
• Your business model
• The state of the market you want to enter (such as a market downturn)
• How much funding you’ve raised and cash reserves
• Operating expenses
• Your company’s current growth stage
• What your investors expect from you
• How much you need to spend to hit your goals and milestones

It’s not always the case that you’re aiming for a low burn rate. If you don’t spend as much as you need to do business, you could fall behind schedule to deliver your product or not be able to market your business effectively.

Instead of trying to keep your burn at an arbitrary threshold, it’s better to focus on knowing what you’re burning and managing your current cash wisely—and ensuring your burn rate continues to benefit you.

Understanding your burn rate

When your investors ask about your burn rate, what they really want to know is: What are you spending their money on, where is that money taking the company, and when will they see a return on their investment?

Put another way: How well are you hitting your targets and maximizing your funding? A reliable accounting system is critical to answering these questions, because it allows you to stay on top of your budget and prevent a high burn rate. Review your income statement, balance sheet, negative cash flow, churn, and statement of cash flow every month in detail. You’ll want to know how much you’re spending on business-critical expenses such as:

• Customer acquisition cost
• Revenue growth
• Product features
• Shipping speed

This will give you a clear picture of what you’re spending and where you’re spending it.

Fixed vs. variable expenses

As you start earning revenue or as your revenue grows, your expenses might become more complex. Understanding and tracking your company’s various fixed and variable costs can keep you adaptable as you evolve.

It’s a good idea to track both your fixed and variable expenses to see how they’re tied to your company’s growth. As you acquire more customers, for example, you may need to order more inventory, increasing your variable costs. Or you may need to hire another engineer to build out new product features, bumping up your fixed costs.

Regularly reviewing your expenses can tell you whether you’re overspending and stretching your burn rate—and if you are, where to cut back. If you can’t afford to scale back on variable costs like marketing, for example, you may have to consider adjusting your fixed expenses, like office rent. Your burn rate (and amount of cash runway) will change as a result, but that’s OK as long as you’re prepared for the shift.

Balancing your burn rate

Managing your burn rate is about figuring out what works for your company—and that takes trial and error. You and your team are ultimately the best judges of your spending, so don’t be afraid to reevaluate your strategies and adjust your burn rate to make it work.

Your company’s burn rate is a good indicator of your spending habits and runway, but it’s not the only metric to look at when evaluating your company’s growth. To optimize your burn rate, you also have to consider your company’s goals, your team’s time and energy, and your company’s potential financial future.

By looking at your cash burn rate from all angles, you can set yourself up for efficient company growth—and make sure your burn rate doesn’t burn you.

Author: Lucy Hoyle

Lucy Hoyle is a Senior Content Engineer at Carta. She oversees editorial processes, AI search optimization (AEO) strategy, and the use of AI to optimise marketing systems. She previously supported Carta teams in Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East with localized content and international SEO.