## Educational Essentials

Qualified small business stock (QSBS)  
Understand the qualified small business requirements and how to take advantage of QSBS tax treatment for eligible stock options.  
[Read more](/content/learn/startups/tax-planning/qsbs/index.html)

How stock options are taxed: A complete guide  
Learn about stock options taxes, including the tax treatment differences between ISOs and NSOs, holding periods, exercising, and the alternative minimum tax.  
[Read more](/content/learn/equity/stock-options/taxes/index.html)

How stock options work  
Learn the fundamentals of stock options, including the different types, how they are granted and vested, and the process for exercising and paying taxes.  
[Read more](/content/learn/equity/stock-options/index.html)

Vesting: A guide to equity schedules  
Learn everything you need to know about vesting, including how vesting schedules work and how to structure them for your team.  
[Read more](/content/learn/equity/stock-options/vesting/index.html)

Advisory shares: A founder’s guide  
Learn how advisory shares work for early-stage companies, and how to start issuing equity to your advisors with this comprehensive guide.  
[Read more](/content/learn/startups/equity-management/advisory-shares/index.html)

A founder’s guide to the 409A valuation  
Learn everything you need to know about 409A valuations including what they are, when you need a valuation, valuation methodologies, and the full process.  
[Read more](/content/learn/startups/equity-management/409a-valuation/index.html)